diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 96ab73d..e789326 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ interface DomainRecord {
     >; // fields that were redacted (and are therefore absent)
     privacyService?: boolean; // name/organization is a privacy/proxy service (text kept), not a redaction notice
   }>;
-  privacyEnabled?: boolean; // registrant appears privacy-redacted based on name heuristics (privacy-service and redaction phrases) or RFC 9537 redactions
+  privacyEnabled?: boolean; // coarse: some registrant data was redacted or is behind a privacy service (name heuristics or RFC 9537 redactions); see the registrant contact's redactedFields/privacyService for which fields
   redactions?: Array<{
     name: string; // e.g. "Registrant Email"
     prePath?: string;
diff --git a/src/lib/contacts.test.ts b/src/lib/contacts.test.ts
index c60ef24..ae029b2 100644
--- a/src/lib/contacts.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/contacts.test.ts
@@ -59,6 +59,20 @@ test("redactionFields maps RFC 9537 names to contact fields", () => {
   expect(redactionFields("Registrant Postal Code")).toEqual(["postalCode"]);
 });
 
+test("redactionFields falls back to the vCard property in prePath", () => {
+  const path = (prop: string, tail = "") =>
+    `$.entities[?(@.roles[0]=='registrant')].vcardArray[1][?(@[0]=='${prop}')]${tail}`;
+  expect(redactionFields("Redacted", path("email"))).toEqual(["email"]);
+  expect(redactionFields("REDACTED", path("fn"))).toEqual(["name"]);
+  expect(redactionFields("x", path("org"))).toEqual(["organization"]);
+  expect(redactionFields("x", path("tel"))).toEqual(["phone"]);
+  expect(redactionFields("x", path("adr", "[3][3]"))).toEqual(["city"]);
+  expect(redactionFields("x", path("adr"))).toContain("street");
+  expect(redactionFields("x", "$.entities[0]")).toEqual([]);
+  // The name wins when it identifies fields
+  expect(redactionFields("Registrant Email", path("fn"))).toEqual(["email"]);
+});
+
 test("isPlaceholderValue covers common registry boilerplate", () => {
   for (const v of [
     "Not available from registry",
@@ -71,7 +85,9 @@ test("isPlaceholderValue covers common registry boilerplate", () => {
   ]) {
     expect(isPlaceholderValue(v), v).toBe(true);
   }
+  // Bare tokens only match the whole value
   expect(isPlaceholderValue("Unknown Pleasures Ltd")).toBe(false);
+  expect(isPlaceholderValue("Na Health Inc")).toBe(false);
 });
 
 test("package entry exports the contact predicates", () => {
diff --git a/src/lib/contacts.ts b/src/lib/contacts.ts
index b526ee4..e1fb4e9 100644
--- a/src/lib/contacts.ts
+++ b/src/lib/contacts.ts
@@ -35,8 +35,25 @@ const CLEANED_FIELDS = [
 // Secondary fields: cleaned the same way but not reported (no `ContactField` for them).
 const CLEANED_EXTRA = ["organizationUnits", "title", "role"] as const;
 
-/** Map an RFC 9537 redaction name/path (e.g. "Registrant Email") to the contact fields it covers. */
-export function redactionFields(text: string): ContactField[] {
+// vCard property (from a redaction path like `[?(@[0]=='email')]`) to the contact fields it holds.
+const VCARD_PROPERTY_FIELDS: Record<string, ContactField[]> = {
+  fn: ["name"],
+  n: ["name"],
+  org: ["organization"],
+  email: ["email"],
+  tel: ["phone"],
+  adr: ["poBox", "street", "city", "state", "postalCode"],
+};
+// Position within an `adr` value (`[3][N]`) to the field it holds.
+const ADR_INDEX_FIELDS: Record<number, ContactField> = {
+  0: "poBox",
+  2: "street",
+  3: "city",
+  4: "state",
+  5: "postalCode",
+};
+
+function fieldsFromName(text: string): ContactField[] {
   const t = text.toLowerCase();
   const out: ContactField[] = [];
   if (/\bname\b|\bfn\b/.test(t) && !/\borg/.test(t)) out.push("name");
@@ -52,6 +69,26 @@ export function redactionFields(text: string): ContactField[] {
   return out;
 }
 
+function fieldsFromPath(path: string): ContactField[] {
+  const prop = /@\[0\]\s*==\s*'([a-z]+)'/i.exec(path)?.[1]?.toLowerCase();
+  if (!prop) return [];
+  if (prop === "adr") {
+    const idx = /\[3\]\[(\d+)\]\s*$/.exec(path)?.[1];
+    const field = idx === undefined ? undefined : ADR_INDEX_FIELDS[Number(idx)];
+    if (field) return [field];
+  }
+  return VCARD_PROPERTY_FIELDS[prop] ?? [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Contact fields an RFC 9537 redaction covers, from its human-readable name (e.g. "Registrant
+ * Email") and, failing that, the vCard property in its `prePath`.
+ */
+export function redactionFields(name: string, prePath?: string): ContactField[] {
+  const fromName = fieldsFromName(name);
+  return fromName.length || !prePath ? fromName : fieldsFromPath(prePath);
+}
+
 /**
  * Post-process a parsed contact: drop placeholder values from every field (recording each in
  * `redactedFields`), flag privacy-service names (`privacyService`), resolve country/countryCode,
diff --git a/src/lib/privacy.ts b/src/lib/privacy.ts
index cd1ba99..b2f9136 100644
--- a/src/lib/privacy.ts
+++ b/src/lib/privacy.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
 /**
- * Phrases that indicate privacy/redaction on their own. Matched as case-insensitive substrings.
+ * Redaction notices: text that stands in for a withheld value. Shared by `isPrivacyName` (as
+ * substrings) and `isPlaceholderValue` (as whole words), so the two can't drift apart.
  */
-export const PRIVACY_STRONG_KEYWORDS = [
+const REDACTION_PHRASES = [
   "redacted", // also covers "redacted for privacy", "redacted.forprivacy"
   "withheld",
   "not disclosed",
-  "privado", // Spanish
-  "datos privados", // Spanish
   "data protected",
   "gdpr masked",
-  "non-public data",
   "statutory masking",
-  "registration private",
-  "private registration",
+  "non-public data",
   "hidden upon user request",
   "not available from registry",
+];
+
+/**
+ * Privacy/proxy service names and other phrases that indicate privacy on their own. Unlike
+ * redaction notices these can be real registrant text worth showing, so they aren't placeholders.
+ */
+const PRIVACY_SERVICE_PHRASES = [
+  "privado", // Spanish
+  "datos privados", // Spanish
+  "registration private",
+  "private registration",
   "whois privacy",
   "whoisguard",
   "privacy protect",
@@ -26,6 +34,11 @@ export const PRIVACY_STRONG_KEYWORDS = [
   "for privacy",
 ];
 
+/**
+ * Phrases that indicate privacy/redaction on their own. Matched as case-insensitive substrings.
+ */
+export const PRIVACY_STRONG_KEYWORDS = [...REDACTION_PHRASES, ...PRIVACY_SERVICE_PHRASES];
+
 /**
  * Words too ambiguous to trust alone ("Private Equity LLC", "Protection One"). They only count
  * when at least two distinct terms from WEAK + CONTEXT appear as whole words.
@@ -60,19 +73,16 @@ export function isPrivacyName(value: string): boolean {
   return new Set(v.match(CONTEXT_WORD_RE)).size >= 2;
 }
 
+const escapeRe = (v: string) => v.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
+
 // Boilerplate that registrars put in email/phone/etc. instead of real values
 const PLACEHOLDER_VALUE_PATTERNS = [
-  /\bredacted\b/i,
-  /\bwithheld\b/i,
-  /\bnot disclosed\b/i,
+  ...REDACTION_PHRASES.map((p) => new RegExp(`\\b${escapeRe(p)}\\b`, "i")),
   /please query the rdds/i,
   /please query the rdap/i,
   /query the whois/i,
   /\bcontact (?:the )?registrar\b/i,
-  /\bnot available from registry\b/i,
   /\bnot applicable\b/i,
-  /\bdata protected\b/i,
-  /\b(?:statutory|gdpr) mask(?:ing|ed)\b/i,
   /select request email form/i,
   /^(?:-+|n\/a|na|none|null|undefined|unknown)$/i,
 ];
diff --git a/src/rdap/normalize.test.ts b/src/rdap/normalize.test.ts
index 1e3e2ff..c17f123 100644
--- a/src/rdap/normalize.test.ts
+++ b/src/rdap/normalize.test.ts
@@ -325,3 +325,28 @@ test("normalizeRdap resolves registrar countryCode from the country name", () =>
   );
   expect(rec.registrar).toMatchObject({ country: "Canada", countryCode: "CA" });
 });
+
+test("normalizeRdap ties a redaction path to redactedFields", () => {
+  const entity = {
+    roles: ["registrant"],
+    vcardArray: ["vcard", [["fn", {}, "text", "Jane Doe"]]],
+  };
+  const emailOnly = normalizeRdap(
+    "example.com",
+    "com",
+    {
+      ldhName: "example.com",
+      redacted: [
+        {
+          name: { description: "Registrant Email" },
+          prePath: "$.entities[?(@.roles[0]=='registrant')].vcardArray[1][?(@[0]=='email')][3]",
+          method: "emptyValue",
+        },
+      ],
+      entities: [entity],
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+  expect(emailOnly.contacts?.[0]?.redactedFields).toEqual(["email"]);
+  expect(emailOnly.contacts?.[0]?.redacted).toBe(true);
+});
diff --git a/src/rdap/normalize.ts b/src/rdap/normalize.ts
index 8ee1a18..28eafc0 100644
--- a/src/rdap/normalize.ts
+++ b/src/rdap/normalize.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ export function normalizeRdap(
   const registrant = contacts?.find((c) => c.type === "registrant");
   const privacyEnabled =
     isPrivacyContact(registrant) ||
-    !!registrant?.redacted ||
     !!redactions?.some((r) => redactionTargetsRole(r, "registrant"));
 
   // RDAP uses IANA EPP status values. Preserve raw plus a description if any remarks are present.
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ function extractContacts(entities: unknown, redactions?: Redaction[]): Contact[]
     const matching = (redactions ?? []).filter((r) => redactionTargetsRole(r, type.toLowerCase()));
     // Fields the redaction names, limited to ones actually absent (a present value wasn't hidden).
     const fields = matching
-      .flatMap((r) => redactionFields(r.name))
+      .flatMap((r) => redactionFields(r.name, r.prePath))
       .filter((f) => !contact[f] || (Array.isArray(contact[f]) && !contact[f]?.length));
     out.push(finalizeContact(contact, fields.length ? fields : matching.length > 0));
   }
diff --git a/src/types.ts b/src/types.ts
index 792e8b3..561e846 100644
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -240,7 +240,12 @@ export interface DomainRecord {
   nameservers?: Nameserver[];
   /** Contacts (registrant, admin, tech, billing, abuse, etc.) */
   contacts?: Contact[];
-  /** Best guess that the registrant is hidden behind a privacy service or redacted, from name/organization phrases or RFC 9537 redactions */
+  /**
+   * Coarse signal that some registrant data was redacted or is behind a privacy service, from
+   * name/organization phrases or RFC 9537 registrant redactions. It does not mean the registrant's
+   * identity is hidden (an email-only redaction sets it); check the registrant contact's
+   * `redactedFields` and `privacyService` for precision.
+   */
   privacyEnabled?: boolean;
   /** RFC 9537 redaction metadata reported by RDAP, if any */
   redactions?: Redaction[];