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more small font tweaks (and weird encoding fixes)
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ $link-underline-size: 2px;
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// Global Colors
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$color-background: #ffffff;
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$color-gray-background: #f9f9f9;
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$color-text: #2a2a2a;
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$color-text: #202020;
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$color-medium-dark: #494949;
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$color-medium: #5e5e5e;
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$color-medium-light: #757575;
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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// Home Styles
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main#home {
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font-size: 1.3em;
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font-size: 1.2em;
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max-width: 980px;
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padding: 1.5em 1.75em 0.5em 1.75em;
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margin: 0 auto;
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@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ main#home {
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p {
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margin: 0.8em 0;
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letter-spacing: -0.018em;
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line-height: 1.55;
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letter-spacing: -0.017em;
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line-height: 1.6;
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}
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sup {
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@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ main#home {
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@mixin responsive--home() {
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main#home {
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font-size: 1.1em;
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line-height: 1.6;
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padding: 1.2em 1.2em 0.2em 1.2em;
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h2 {
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@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ main#home {
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}
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h3 {
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-size: 1.15em;
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line-height: 1.4;
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}
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@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ main#list {
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section.year {
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font-size: 1em;
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h2 {
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font-size: 2em;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ main#single {
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line-height: 1.5;
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}
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strong {
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letter-spacing: 0.001em;
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}
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img,
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figure {
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height: auto;
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@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ main#single {
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color: $color-medium;
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font-size: 0.85em;
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line-height: 1.5;
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letter-spacing: 0.075em;
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letter-spacing: 0.07em;
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a {
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color: inherit;
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@ -202,6 +206,7 @@ main#single {
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margin-right: 0.8em;
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text-transform: uppercase;
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letter-spacing: 0.15em;
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white-space: nowrap;
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}
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}
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}
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@ -213,7 +218,7 @@ main#single {
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// Responsive
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@mixin responsive--single() {
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main#single {
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padding: 0.8em 1.5em;
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padding: 0.8em 1.1em;
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article {
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div#meta {
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@ -230,6 +235,7 @@ main#single {
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// less space between tags
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ul#tags li {
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margin: 0 0.5em;
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line-height: 1.7;
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}
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}
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}
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@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ main#video {
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a {
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font-weight: bold;
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letter-spacing: 0.001em;
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}
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}
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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Here's one of the instructional videos provided internally to volunteers:
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Defenders of the BERN app have pointed out that the information used is already available from public voter rolls maintained independently by each state. This is true. But these public records have never been tied to a campaign's internal voter files through a tool that's wide open to the entire internet, with incentives to add valuable data that benefits one candidate.
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There were even unverified claims that [BERN was leaking voter ID numbers](https://info.idagent.com/blog/bern-app-exposes-150m-voter-records), which are the same as one's driver's license ID numbers in some states, through JSON responses in the first few days after its release. There don't be appear to be strict rate limits on calls to the API either, potentially inviting malicious actors from around the world — wink wink — to scrape personal data on tens of millions of Americans en masse.
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There were even unverified claims that [BERN was leaking voter ID numbers](https://info.idagent.com/blog/bern-app-exposes-150m-voter-records), which are the same as one's driver's license ID numbers in some states, through JSON responses in the first few days after its release. There don't be appear to be strict rate limits on calls to the API either, potentially inviting malicious actors from around the world — wink wink — to scrape personal data on tens of millions of Americans en masse.
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{{< image src="images/json-response.jpg" alt="JSON Response" >}}BERN's API response in Chrome DevTools{{< /image >}}
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@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ BERN is taking this to an unprecedented level. Allowing anybody on the internet
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{{< image src="images/reddit-bros.png" width="600" alt="Reddit comments on BERN">}}[BERN discussion on /r/SandersForPresident thread](https://www.reddit.com/r/SandersForPresident/comments/bi15la/new_get_the_official_bernie_sanders_2020_app_bern/elxi85m/){{< /image >}}
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In addition to the points system, it was revealed in the webinar mentioned above that the campaign is planning on giving out shiny rewards based on how many friends one adds, setting expectations at 50+ contacts to reach the "Bernie Super Bundler" tier — whatever that means.
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In addition to the points system, it was revealed in the webinar mentioned above that the campaign is planning on giving out shiny rewards based on how many friends one adds, setting expectations at 50+ contacts to reach the "Bernie Super Bundler" tier — whatever that means.
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{{< image src="images/webinar-slide-1.png" width="700" alt="Webinar Slide 1" />}}
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In the middle of the webinar, the organizer also paused the presentation for *fifteen minutes * — complete with a countdown clock — and told volunteers to race to add as many of their friends as possible in that time. She announced afterwards that participants added 20 to 40 friends into the app on average, with some allegedly adding close to 100 in fifteen minutes.
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In the middle of the webinar, the organizer also paused the presentation for _fifteen minutes_ — complete with a countdown clock — and told volunteers to race to add as many of their friends as possible in that time. She announced afterwards that participants added 20 to 40 friends into the app on average, with some allegedly adding close to 100 in fifteen minutes.
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{{< image src="images/webinar-slide-2.png" width="700" alt="Webinar Slide 2" />}}
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@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ I wrote the [following reply](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19828898) to
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> Honestly, Cloudflare choosing *not* to hastily slap a band-aid on a problem like this just makes me feel more compelled to continue using 1.1.1.1.
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>
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> I hesitate to compare this to Apple calling themselves "courageous" when removing the headphone jack, but in this case, I think the word is appropriate. I'll happily stand behind you guys if you take some PR hits while forcing the rest of the industry to make DNS safer – since it is understandable, admittedly, for users to conclude that "Cloudflare is blocking websites, sound the alarms!" at first glance.
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> I hesitate to compare this to Apple calling themselves "courageous" when removing the headphone jack, but in this case, I think the word is appropriate. I'll happily stand behind you guys if you take some PR hits while forcing the rest of the industry to make DNS safer — since it is understandable, admittedly, for users to conclude that "Cloudflare is blocking websites, sound the alarms!" at first glance.
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Sure, it's annoying that I'll need to use a VPN or change my DNS resolvers to use a pretty slick (and otherwise convenient) website archiver. But I'm more happy to see that Cloudflare is playing the privacy long-game, even at the risk of their users concluding that they're blocking websites accessible to everyone else on the internet.
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@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ draft: false
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**[VMware Workstation](https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-pro.html)** and **[Fusion](https://www.vmware.com/products/fusion.html)** normally work hard to minimize the size of virtual hard disks for optimizing the amount of storage needed on your host machine . On Windows virtual machines, [VMware has a "clean up" function](https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Fusion/11/com.vmware.fusion.using.doc/GUID-6BB29187-F47F-41D1-AD92-1754036DACD9.html), which detects newly unused space and makes the size of the virtual hard disk smaller accordingly. You'll notice that even if you create a virtual machine with a capacity of 60 GB, for example, the actual size of the VMDK file will dynamically resize to fit the usage of the guest operating system. 60 GB is simply the maximum amount of storage allowed; if your guest operating system and its files amount to 20 GB, the VMDK file will simply be 20 GB.
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VMware can be set to automatically optimize and shrink virtual hard disks as you add and, more importantly, remove files – but [this automatic "clean up" setting is disabled by default](https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Fusion/11/com.vmware.fusion.using.doc/GUID-6BB29187-F47F-41D1-AD92-1754036DACD9.html). Either way, cleaning up virtual machines works like a charm...when you have Windows as a guest operating system with an NTFS disk.
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VMware can be set to automatically optimize and shrink virtual hard disks as you add and, more importantly, remove files — but [this automatic "clean up" setting is disabled by default](https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Fusion/11/com.vmware.fusion.using.doc/GUID-6BB29187-F47F-41D1-AD92-1754036DACD9.html). Either way, cleaning up virtual machines works like a charm...when you have Windows as a guest operating system with an NTFS disk.
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As a developer, I have several VMs with various Linux-based guest OSes – and, for some reason, VMware doesn't know how to optimize these. If you poke around in VMware, you'll find that the clean up button is greyed-out under the settings of a Linux VM.
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As a developer, I have several VMs with various Linux-based guest OSes — and, for some reason, VMware doesn't know how to optimize these. If you poke around in VMware, you'll find that the clean up button is greyed-out under the settings of a Linux VM.
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Commonly, I'll use a few gigabytes of storage for a project and then delete the files from the guest when I'm done. Let's say that my Debian guest starts at 10 GB and I use 5 GB for my project, totaling 15 GB. The VMDK file will be, obviously, 15 GB. I finish the project and delete the 5 GB of its files. On a Windows guest, VMware would be able to shrink the volume back down to 10 GB – but you'll quickly notice, annoyingly, that a Linux disk will remain at 15 GB, even though you're no longer using that much. On a portable machine like my MacBook Air, this can be a _huge_ waste!
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Commonly, I'll use a few gigabytes of storage for a project and then delete the files from the guest when I'm done. Let's say that my Debian guest starts at 10 GB and I use 5 GB for my project, totaling 15 GB. The VMDK file will be, obviously, 15 GB. I finish the project and delete the 5 GB of its files. On a Windows guest, VMware would be able to shrink the volume back down to 10 GB — but you'll quickly notice, annoyingly, that a Linux disk will remain at 15 GB, even though you're no longer using that much. On a portable machine like my MacBook Air, this can be a _huge_ waste!
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The "clean up" feature that VMware has developed for Windows guests can be applied to Linux guests as well, but it's pretty convoluted – we need to essentially clean up the VM ourselves, trick VMware to detect the free space, and manually shrink the volume.
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The "clean up" feature that VMware has developed for Windows guests can be applied to Linux guests as well, but it's pretty convoluted — we need to essentially clean up the VM ourselves, trick VMware to detect the free space, and manually shrink the volume.
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**_A tiny caveat:_** This only works on VMs without any snapshots. Sadly, you either need to delete them or, if you care about keeping snapshots, you can backup the VM as-is to an external disk and then delete the local snapshots.
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@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ sudo apt-get clean
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## **Step 2:** Make "empty" space actually empty
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This step is the crucial one. In order for VMware to detect the newly free space, we need to free it up ourselves using a little trickery. We're going to have Linux overwrite the free space with a file full of zeros – the size of this file will be the size of however much space we're freeing up (5 GB, in the example above) – and then delete it. These commands will create the file, wait a moment, and then delete the file:
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This step is the crucial one. In order for VMware to detect the newly free space, we need to free it up ourselves using a little trickery. We're going to have Linux overwrite the free space with a file full of zeros — the size of this file will be the size of however much space we're freeing up (5 GB, in the example above) — and then delete it. These commands will create the file, wait a moment, and then delete the file:
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```bash {linenos=false}
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cat /dev/zero > zero.fill
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@ -67,16 +67,16 @@ sync
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rm -f zero.fill
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```
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Depending on how much space we're freeing, this could take a while. Let it finish or else you'll be left with an actual, real file that will occupy a ton of space – the opposite of what we're trying to accomplish!
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Depending on how much space we're freeing, this could take a while. Let it finish or else you'll be left with an actual, real file that will occupy a ton of space — the opposite of what we're trying to accomplish!
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## **Step 3:** Letting VMware know we've done its dirty work
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The final step is to tell VMware we've done this, and manually trigger the clean up function that works so well on Windows VMs. You'll do this step **outside** of the virtual machine, so shut it down fully and exit VMware. These directions are for macOS hosts specifically – if you're on a Linux host, I'll assume you are able to find the VMDK file, but [here's some help if you need](https://www.howtogeek.com/112674/how-to-find-files-and-folders-in-linux-using-the-command-line/).
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The final step is to tell VMware we've done this, and manually trigger the clean up function that works so well on Windows VMs. You'll do this step **outside** of the virtual machine, so shut it down fully and exit VMware. These directions are for macOS hosts specifically — if you're on a Linux host, I'll assume you are able to find the VMDK file, but [here's some help if you need](https://www.howtogeek.com/112674/how-to-find-files-and-folders-in-linux-using-the-command-line/).
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VMware on macOS makes this a little tricky, since it packages VMs in what looks like a ".vmwarevm" file, which is actually a folder. Browse to wherever you've saved your virtual machines, probably somewhere in your home folder, and find the location of this ".vmwarevm" androgynous item. If you click on this folder, though, it'll just open VMware again.
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We need to right click on the .vmwarevm "file," and select **Show Package Contents** to see what's really in there. You should see the actual .VMDK file sitting there – normally we're looking for the plain VMDK file (named _Virtual Disk.vmdk_ by default) without a bunch of numbers after it, but if you have snapshots associated with your VM, this might not be the file we actually want. But run the command below with it anyways, and the output will tell you if you need to use a different file.
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We need to right click on the .vmwarevm "file," and select **Show Package Contents** to see what's really in there. You should see the actual .VMDK file sitting there — normally we're looking for the plain VMDK file (named _Virtual Disk.vmdk_ by default) without a bunch of numbers after it, but if you have snapshots associated with your VM, this might not be the file we actually want. But run the command below with it anyways, and the output will tell you if you need to use a different file.
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{{< image src="images/screen-shot-2018-12-07-at-1-58-42-pm.png" width="680" alt="Finding .vmwarevm in Finder" />}}
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@ -107,4 +107,4 @@ After the defragmentation completes, we need to finally shrink the image. We do
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Obviously, this is a really annoying way to perform a feature that only takes one click to execute on Windows virtual machines. I don't recommend going through this entire process every time you delete a few random files. However, if you notice the free space on your host OS is mysteriously lower than it should be, the time this takes can be well worth it.
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Let's hope this will be integrated in VMware Tools in the near future – feel free to [nudge VMware about it](https://my.vmware.com/group/vmware/get-help?p_p_id=getHelp_WAR_itsupport&p_p_lifecycle=0&_getHelp_WAR_itsupport_execution=e1s2) in the meantime!
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Let's hope this will be integrated in VMware Tools in the near future — feel free to [nudge VMware about it](https://my.vmware.com/group/vmware/get-help?p_p_id=getHelp_WAR_itsupport&p_p_lifecycle=0&_getHelp_WAR_itsupport_execution=e1s2) in the meantime!
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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---
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title: "Why This Millennial Is With Hillary Clinton Now — and Why We All Need To Be In November"
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title: "Why This Millennial Is With Hillary Clinton Now — and Why We All Need To Be In November"
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date: 2016-02-29 00:10:26-0400
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description: "I am a 24-year-old \"millennial\" and I passionately support Hillary Clinton for the 45th President of the United States. Yes, we exist."
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tags:
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ draft: false
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I am a 24-year-old "millennial" and I passionately support [Hillary Clinton](https://www.hillaryclinton.com/) for the 45th President of the United States. Yes, we exist.
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My goal here isn't to convince every Bernie believer to jump ship and support her as passionately as I do, although I feel obligated to try. I totally understand the passion for Bernie. I smile inside every time I see a young person (like my sister) become interested in politics for the first time and become directly involved in influencing the course of their own future, no matter which candidate triggered it for them. For me, it was admittedly Senator Obama. I would, however, like to put the Democratic Party primary process back into perspective, because it's turned into a bloodsport that isn't helpful for _anybody_ in the long run — not for either candidate, not for our party, and certainly not for our country.
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My goal here isn't to convince every Bernie believer to jump ship and support her as passionately as I do, although I feel obligated to try. I totally understand the passion for Bernie. I smile inside every time I see a young person (like my sister) become interested in politics for the first time and become directly involved in influencing the course of their own future, no matter which candidate triggered it for them. For me, it was admittedly Senator Obama. I would, however, like to put the Democratic Party primary process back into perspective, because it's turned into a bloodsport that isn't helpful for _anybody_ in the long run — not for either candidate, not for our party, and certainly not for our country.
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**News Flash:** We aren't in the general election right now. Not even close. We're in the middle of _our own party's_ primary, where the field of opponents we are choosing from are all our friends. They're both on our side. They both agree on an overall vision for our country. Of course as individuals we choose one who we like better than the other, and root for her or him and ideally invest some time and money to help however we can. I chose Hillary a long time ago because I feel she is, if anything, overqualified for the position. Especially during this increasingly turbulent period of foreign affairs, we can't afford to allow an entry-level applicant to experiment with our standing in the world and learn our relationships with other nations on-the-fly.
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@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ After working for months as a fellow on Hillary's campaign in New Hampshire lead
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I had the incredible chance to meet Hillary the weekend before the New Hampshire primary. Her motorcade plowed through a quiet suburb in Manchester around noon and she hopped out to go knock on the doors of some lucky families. As neighbors started coming out of their houses to shake her hand, I couldn't restrain myself from at least trying to get close and wave hello. (By the way, it's amazing how casual the people in New Hampshire are about meeting presidential candidates.)
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I walked up nervously and told her that it was my birthday (it was) and all I wanted was for her to win, which got her attention, and I thanked her for the spotlight she had been shining on the rampant addiction epidemic in the state. Instead of nodding her head and thanking me for my support and moving along like I assumed she would — she knew she would have my vote no matter what — she locked eyes with me and asked me how I'd been affected by the issue. It felt as though she dropped everything in her life and literally put her jam-packed schedule on pause to make sure I was okay and to learn more about some dude she just met ten seconds ago. I told her that I had fallen into the trap myself when I was younger, and that the [part of her detailed plan](https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/addiction/) that addresses the overprescription of narcotics by doctors could have prevented me from doing so. As my conversation with her grew longer and longer, and as she respectfully asked me more and more questions about my story, I totally forgot I was casually chatting on the sidewalk with a freaking former First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State. I promise you again: She. Is. A. Real. Person.
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I walked up nervously and told her that it was my birthday (it was) and all I wanted was for her to win, which got her attention, and I thanked her for the spotlight she had been shining on the rampant addiction epidemic in the state. Instead of nodding her head and thanking me for my support and moving along like I assumed she would — she knew she would have my vote no matter what — she locked eyes with me and asked me how I'd been affected by the issue. It felt as though she dropped everything in her life and literally put her jam-packed schedule on pause to make sure I was okay and to learn more about some dude she just met ten seconds ago. I told her that I had fallen into the trap myself when I was younger, and that the [part of her detailed plan](https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/addiction/) that addresses the overprescription of narcotics by doctors could have prevented me from doing so. As my conversation with her grew longer and longer, and as she respectfully asked me more and more questions about my story, I totally forgot I was casually chatting on the sidewalk with a freaking former First Lady, Senator, and Secretary of State. I promise you again: She. Is. A. Real. Person.
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> "I know I have some work to do, particularly with young people, but I will repeat again what I have said this week. Even if they are not supporting me now, I support them." [»](http://www.vox.com/2016/2/9/10956458/hillary-clinton-new-hampshire)
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But at the end of the day, all I ask is for you to keep in mind the stakes in this overall election. They have never been higher. Last year, the spectacle of Donald "The Donald" Trump running to be the leader of the free world was purely comical and impossible not to laugh at, from the moment he entered the race [via gold-plated escalator](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab9AnZaLL1U) whilst blasting Neil Young. But as this racist xenophobic pumpkin is rapidly racking up _actual real-life delegates_ thanks to votes from the [poorly educated](http://www.vox.com/2016/2/24/11107788/donald-trump-poorly-educated) and/or the [white supremacists](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-white-supremacist-sec-primary_us_56cf4437e4b0bf0dab31222f), the thought of him being within striking distance of the desk in the Oval Office is slowly twisting a knife into the pit of my stomach. This is real. This is the big picture. This is why we need to team up and work together in any way possible as soon as possible.
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I'm aware of the street cred young Democrats collect by claiming they hated Hillary before hating Hillary was cool. Hating on HRC has gone more viral than Damn Daniel. But when you ask these young voters to explain why they think she's a liar or untrustworthy or a criminal, they can rarely put their distaste for her into actual words — or if they do, they just vomit hashtag-ready soundbites from Fox News or The Young Turks. #Benghazi. #Emails. #ReleaseTheTranscripts. Joining in on the Republican-led attacks and stooping to their level is no way to advocate for the candidate you support. If you support Bernie for the nomination, you do that by going out and talking to others about why **his** policies rock, what **his** life story is, how **your** story relates to **his** story and **his** policies, etc. — not by spending your day mercilessly assassinating the character of a woman you've never met and a woman you might very well be voting for in eight short months, unless you're able to stomach the idea of President Trump. During primary season, you win by focusing on the merits of your own candidate, not the flaws you see in another.
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I'm aware of the street cred young Democrats collect by claiming they hated Hillary before hating Hillary was cool. Hating on HRC has gone more viral than Damn Daniel. But when you ask these young voters to explain why they think she's a liar or untrustworthy or a criminal, they can rarely put their distaste for her into actual words — or if they do, they just vomit hashtag-ready soundbites from Fox News or The Young Turks. #Benghazi. #Emails. #ReleaseTheTranscripts. Joining in on the Republican-led attacks and stooping to their level is no way to advocate for the candidate you support. If you support Bernie for the nomination, you do that by going out and talking to others about why **his** policies rock, what **his** life story is, how **your** story relates to **his** story and **his** policies, etc. — not by spending your day mercilessly assassinating the character of a woman you've never met and a woman you might very well be voting for in eight short months, unless you're able to stomach the idea of President Trump. During primary season, you win by focusing on the merits of your own candidate, not the flaws you see in another.
|
||||
|
||||
As [Bill Maher](https://medium.com/u/cdc04a9799f6) (an avid Bernie supporter) [said this weekend](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rd1gpjkjcfc), some in our party need to "learn the difference between an imperfect friend and a deadly enemy." I don't agree with everything Hillary has said or done. I don't unconditionally defend every single chapter in her public record over the past 30 years (and [neither does she](https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2016/02/25/hillary-clinton-responds-to-activist-who-demanded-apology-for-superpredator-remarks/), by the way). I don't think that's possible for any voter to find in a politician. But if you identify as a Democrat, she is the farthest thing from your enemy. Plain and simple. Like you and Bernie, she wants to prevent a Republican from winning in November and reversing so much of the progress we've made over the past seven years on their first day in office. That is our number one goal right now. And whether it gets accomplished by a President Clinton or a President Sanders, I am 100% on board either way. Let's stop fighting each other and start fighting together.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: "My First Code: Jake's Bulletin Board"
|
||||
date: 2019-10-01 08:34:25-0400
|
||||
description: "My first full coding project ever – a PHP bulletin board creatively titled Jake's Bulletin Board, circa 2003."
|
||||
description: "My first full coding project ever: a PHP bulletin board creatively titled Jake's Bulletin Board, circa 2003."
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Hello World
|
||||
- Baby's First PHP
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
title: "\"No Homo!\" — Still Rap's Motto in 2012?"
|
||||
title: "\"No Homo!\" — Still Rap's Motto in 2012?"
|
||||
date: 2013-11-22 11:58:20-0400
|
||||
description: "This essay was written for Professor David Valdes-Greenwood's \"Love & Sexuality\" class at Tufts University in April 2012."
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ draft: false
|
||||
> _Too many faggot n\*ggas clocking my spending, exercising your gay-like minds like Richard Simmons ... Fucking faggot-ass light skin n\*ggas, get the fuck out of my face ... It's crazy how you can go from being Joe Blow, to everybody on your dick, no homo ... You homo n\*ggas getting AIDS in the ass, while the homie here's trying to get paid in advance ... If y'all leave me alone this wouldn't be my M.O., I wouldn't have to go, ‘eenee-meene-minie-moe,' catch a homo by his toe, man I don't know no more..._
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
What do all of these lyrics have in common? Two things. Firstly, they are all blatant in their use of anti-gay slurs and graphically homophobic language. And secondly, they've each been written and recorded by one of the top five mainstream rap artists of 2011: Jay-Z, Diddy, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and Eminem — a worshipped all-star team in music with a combined income of $82 million last year alone, with multi-platinum records endorsed by and distributed through Universal, Sony, and Warner Brothers, and with endorsement deals from Gatorade, HP, Pepsi, Chrysler, Lipton, and others.
|
||||
What do all of these lyrics have in common? Two things. Firstly, they are all blatant in their use of anti-gay slurs and graphically homophobic language. And secondly, they've each been written and recorded by one of the top five mainstream rap artists of 2011: Jay-Z, Diddy, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and Eminem — a worshipped all-star team in music with a combined income of $82 million last year alone, with multi-platinum records endorsed by and distributed through Universal, Sony, and Warner Brothers, and with endorsement deals from Gatorade, HP, Pepsi, Chrysler, Lipton, and others.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, these five rappers are protected by their right to free speech to speak these irrefutably homophobic lyrics into a studio microphone, release them onto future multi-platinum CDs, and get played by world-renowned New York City radio stations. But what about their gay and bisexual counterparts? A fame-aspiring gay rapper has just as much of a right, if not more, to record music as Jay-Z and Eminem record, and as much of a right to speak publicly as Ellen DeGeneres and Rosie O'Donnell speak. So, to put it candidly, where are all the gay rappers? I'll give you a minute to scroll through your iPod.
|
||||
|
||||
Is the increasingly apparent void of gay (or even bi) male rappers due to a lack of demand or a lack of supply? Or, do gay rappers get automatically turned away at the doors of Universal, Sony, and Warner Brothers, over fears of losing profit? Let's follow a hypothetical gay rapper through the intricacies and politics of the music industry to answer one simple, overarching economical question: How successful would a young, talented, and coincidentally gay male rapper be in 2012?
|
||||
|
||||
To get a sense of the industry a new gay rapper would be walking into, I surveyed 62 college-aged rap fans at Tufts University. Before introducing the prospect of a gay rapper to them, I wanted to gauge their feelings about the homophobia in pre-existing mainstream rap music. The results were staggering: 92% of the respondents said that hearing "faggot" or "no homo" doesn't stand out to them while listening to a song, and 100% wouldn't stop listening to that song or that artist after hearing these phrases. On the flip side, none of the 62 respondents–including one gay sophomore–could name a gay rapper. The existing landscape of the rap industry became rapidly clear: there are no gays on the radar, except when "homo" or "fag" rhymes with the line before it.
|
||||
To get a sense of the industry a new gay rapper would be walking into, I surveyed 62 college-aged rap fans at Tufts University. Before introducing the prospect of a gay rapper to them, I wanted to gauge their feelings about the homophobia in pre-existing mainstream rap music. The results were staggering: 92% of the respondents said that hearing "faggot" or "no homo" doesn't stand out to them while listening to a song, and 100% wouldn't stop listening to that song or that artist after hearing these phrases. On the flip side, none of the 62 respondents — including one gay sophomore — could name a gay rapper. The existing landscape of the rap industry became rapidly clear: there are no gays on the radar, except when "homo" or "fag" rhymes with the line before it.
|
||||
|
||||
My next inquiry was about whether there's room for a gay person in the mainstream rap industry. Is the clear absence of gay voices from mainstream rap by the choice of gay rappers, or is there no demand from music listeners? 90% of the college respondents claimed that they would listen to a gay rapper (under the condition that he or she is talented, of course). However, only 4% could reasonably predict that a talented gay rapper would be commercially successful. When asked to explain, the responses included that "the ridicule and internal conflict [would not be] worth the possible profit for record labels," that "people would be embarrassed to have their iPod seen with the rapper's name playing," and that "rap is already about women, women, and women, and it's been around for too long to change that."
|
||||
|
||||
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Based on his inside experience, Joe continued to claim that a gay rapper would h
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, a few months before Fat Joe came out publicly favoring gay rappers, Grammy-nominated rapper The Game spoke out less strongly but still in support of the idea. In an interview with DJ Vlad, Game told gay rappers:
|
||||
|
||||
> I think there are several rappers that are in the closet and gay, and see those are the type of gay people—the only type of gay people that I have a problem with. I don't have a problem with gay people. Game don't have a problem with gay people. It ain't cool to be in the closet. If you gay, just say you gay. Be gay and be proud.
|
||||
> I think there are several rappers that are in the closet and gay, and see those are the type of gay people — the only type of gay people that I have a problem with. I don't have a problem with gay people. Game don't have a problem with gay people. It ain't cool to be in the closet. If you gay, just say you gay. Be gay and be proud.
|
||||
|
||||
A year earlier, in 2009, Queens rapper N.O.R.E. also revealed to DJ Vlad:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Several other rappers have recently been vocal against homophobia. Nicki Minaj,
|
||||
{{< image src="images/f9d7a-1gad6zdgng2-mjsedg5igwa.jpg" width="350" >}}Sarah Taylor/Fashion Magazine{{< /image >}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, not all rappers—including and especially the most popular and celebrated—are not as enlightened as today's up-and-comers such as Nicki Minaj and A$AP Rocky. Kanye West, one of the rappers quoted before for shouting "no homo" on Jay-Z's number-one single _Run This Town_ and (in)famous for speaking what's on his mind, was the target of countless questions about his sexuality after his sudden attendance at Paris fashion shows and interest in women's designer clothing. When asked by DJ Sway for MTV News to respond to accusations from fans that he "dresses gay," West responded, "Your dress don't give away whether or not you like a man. Think about actors that straight dress up like a woman or something like that. People wanna label me and throw that on me all the time, but I'm so secure with my manhood."
|
||||
Unfortunately, not all rappers — including and especially the most popular and celebrated — are not as enlightened as today's up-and-comers such as Nicki Minaj and A$AP Rocky. Kanye West, one of the rappers quoted before for shouting "no homo" on Jay-Z's number-one single _Run This Town_ and (in)famous for speaking what's on his mind, was the target of countless questions about his sexuality after his sudden attendance at Paris fashion shows and interest in women's designer clothing. When asked by DJ Sway for MTV News to respond to accusations from fans that he "dresses gay," West responded, "Your dress don't give away whether or not you like a man. Think about actors that straight dress up like a woman or something like that. People wanna label me and throw that on me all the time, but I'm so secure with my manhood."
|
||||
|
||||
West, disagreeing with Fat Joe's claim of being surrounded by gay members of the music industry, told Sway that, before releasing a music video for a 2008 collaboration with rapper Fonzworth Bentley, "There was people calling me before we dropped it, like ‘Man y'all shouldn't put that out with y'all dancing, man. People gonna say y'all gay!'" West also disagreed with the prospect of a gay rapper, making a claim that the industry has actually gotten more homophobic in recent years. "Back in the day, people used to have songs like ‘Get In That Ass' or something like that," West said. "Someone would never make a song like that today because they'd be like ‘Whoa! I can't make no song like that! People gonna call me gay!'"
|
||||
|
||||
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Sure enough, _Rolling Stone_ confirmed with the fashion store Tripp NYC that Way
|
||||
|
||||
In the most revealing and straightforward social experiment yet, 21-year-old rapper Lil B, famous for his intentionally offbeat rhythm, extremely loose rhymes, and, according to him, over 3,000 songs, some with ridiculous titles such as "I'm Miley Cyrus," "I'm God," "I'm Orange Juice," and "Wonton Soup," decided to test the rap community's homophobia once and for all. In April of last year, Lil B announced during his Coachella performance that his next independently released album would be titled _I'm Gay_. Lil B elaborated on the title, claiming "that he does not partake in that lifestyle but, but he wants to make a statement about the power of words, or lack thereof," but little of his reasoning made it past the headlines and onto the radar of rap fans other than the title, _I'm Gay_.
|
||||
|
||||
As he predicted (and hoped for—any publicity is good publicity, right?), the entire entertainment industry was in uproar over his announcement for all different reasons. Rap fans hoped that the title was just a gimmick, while GLAAD released statements on the other side of the spectrum, saying, "Lil B knows that words matter. Slurs have the power to fuel intolerance. We hope that Lil B's album title is not just a gimmick, and is really a sincere attempt to be an ally. He has the platform and the voice. We hope he uses it in a positive way." Even several rappers spoke out about Lil B's title choice, including a notably politically active rapper, Talib Kweli. "I'm like, now that's a fuckin' social experiment if I've ever heard one," Kweli told _XXL Magazine_. He continued:
|
||||
As he predicted (and hoped for — any publicity is good publicity, right?), the entire entertainment industry was in uproar over his announcement for all different reasons. Rap fans hoped that the title was just a gimmick, while GLAAD released statements on the other side of the spectrum, saying, "Lil B knows that words matter. Slurs have the power to fuel intolerance. We hope that Lil B's album title is not just a gimmick, and is really a sincere attempt to be an ally. He has the platform and the voice. We hope he uses it in a positive way." Even several rappers spoke out about Lil B's title choice, including a notably politically active rapper, Talib Kweli. "I'm like, now that's a fuckin' social experiment if I've ever heard one," Kweli told _XXL Magazine_. He continued:
|
||||
|
||||
> I don't care who you sleep with at the end of the day. I don't care if Lil B's gay or not. It doesn't change my life in any way, but for him to name his album _I'm Gay_ issues such a challenge to his fans. I'm not sure if it's brilliant or not, but what he did with that, in one fell swoop, was challenge every single bandwagon fan. Like are you really down with me or not. And me as an artist, I have no choice but to respect that.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ When questioned on his motivations behind the title by _Vulture Magazine_ and as
|
||||
|
||||
Maybe in 100 years from now, _I'm Gay_ would have been a chart-topping success. But in 2011, the album peaked at #56 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop charts and failed to make it onto the Hot 100 Albums chart at any point after its release. After selling only 1,700 copies in its first week, Lil B released the album for free on his social networking accounts.
|
||||
|
||||
Based on the insider reports and public fan reactions, it seems as though in 2012, the big-time industry influencers are talking the talk. Now, the onus to walk the walk is on every rap fan—and record producer—across the country. It's up to you to prove Lil B right: hopefully, in 100 years, you'll wonder why this article was even written. But for now, it looks like too many words rhyme with "no homo" for this to be the case.
|
||||
Based on the insider reports and public fan reactions, it seems as though in 2012, the big-time industry influencers are talking the talk. Now, the onus to walk the walk is on every rap fan — and record producer — across the country. It's up to you to prove Lil B right: hopefully, in 100 years, you'll wonder why this article was even written. But for now, it looks like too many words rhyme with "no homo" for this to be the case.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
body {
|
||||
font-family: "Inter", sans-serif;
|
||||
font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "calt", "clig", "ss01";
|
||||
font-kerning: normal;
|
||||
font-variant-ligatures: normal;
|
||||
letter-spacing: -0.011em;
|
||||
background: #ffffff;
|
||||
color: #222222;
|
||||
@ -67,6 +70,9 @@
|
||||
margin: 0.75em auto;
|
||||
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
|
||||
}
|
||||
strong {
|
||||
letter-spacing: 0.001em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
blockquote {
|
||||
border-left: 5px solid #0e6dc2;
|
||||
margin-left: 0.5em;
|
||||
@ -78,7 +84,7 @@
|
||||
}
|
||||
h1.title {
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
font-size: 2.2em;
|
||||
font-size: 2em;
|
||||
line-height: 1.3;
|
||||
margin-top: 0.6em;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0.25em;
|
||||
@ -118,7 +124,7 @@
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
align-items: center;
|
||||
color: #333333;
|
||||
padding: 10px 0;
|
||||
padding: 12px 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
nav a#logo svg {
|
||||
height: 45px;
|
||||
@ -126,7 +132,7 @@
|
||||
}
|
||||
nav a#logo span {
|
||||
margin-left: 16px;
|
||||
font-size: 1.5em;
|
||||
font-size: 1.35em;
|
||||
font-weight: 500;
|
||||
}
|
||||
nav ul {
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user